west coast, and their use in organic farming is growing worldwide.ĭespite these advantages, pheromones are not widely used today because of the high cost of about $500 to $14,000 per kg of active ingredient (AI). Accordingly, pheromones already form the basis of integrated pest management (IPM) practices in fruit production on the U.S. Even the very stringent USDA Organic Program lists insect pheromones as one of the few synthetic organic compounds allowed in organic crop production, another important recognition of the high safety of these products. These strategies have proven to be effective, selective (e.g., they do not harm beneficial insects, such as bees and lady bugs), and safe (e.g., the compounds are generally biodegradable and do not accumulate in the food chain). Insect pheromones can be used in a variety of insect control strategies that include mating disruption and attract-and-kill, as well as mass trapping. The government may have certain rights in the invention. ![]() STATEMENT AS TO RIGHTS TO INVENTIONS MADE UNDER FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTĬertain aspects of this invention were made with government support under award number IIP-1448692, awarded by the National Science Foundation. 23, 2014 which applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes. ![]() The present application is a continuation of PCT/US2015/031219, filed May 15, 2015, which application claims priority to U.S.
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